# Split alpha_out (owner / miners / validators)

This page shows how a subnet's alpha_out is divided among participants, then points to the rest of the flow.

_Source: https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/split-alpha-out_

_Last reviewed: 2026-09-15_

> [!NOTE]
> **Where we are — step 3 of the [emission flow](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works)**
>
> How we got here:
>
> 1. [TAO emission](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/tao-emission) — TAO split across subnets.
> 2. [Alpha emission](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/alpha-emission) — each subnet mints `alpha_in` + `alpha_out`.
>
> **This page (step 3):** split the 1 α/block of `alpha_out` among the subnet owner, miners, and validators.

This page shows how a subnet's `alpha_out` is divided among participants, then points to the rest of the flow.

![Cascading flow diagram of one alpha emission split among subnet owner, validators, and miners, then through hotkey allocations and a root:alpha stake split to validator and stakeholders](https://beta.taostats.io/images/docs/concepts/taostats-subnet-emission-distribution-flow-diagram.png)

## The `alpha_out` split (1 α/block)

* **Subnet owners** receive **18%** of subnet emission.
* **[Miners](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/miners/consensus-for-miners)** receive **41%** of emissions.
* **[Validators](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/validators/dividends-for-validators)** receive **41%** of emissions — which is then further divided amongst their stakeholders (steps 4–6).

## What's next

**Step 4 — [Parent / child hotkeys](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/emission-parent-hotkeys):** aggregate each validator's dividends across its parent and child hotkeys. Then:

* Step 5: [Root vs alpha split](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/stakeholder-emissions-root-vs-alpha) — divide the validator's dividends into root and alpha proportions.
* Step 6: award stakeholder rewards — [root](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/stakeholder-emissions-root) and [alpha](https://beta.taostats.io/docs/concepts/how-emission-works/stakeholder-emissions-alpha).