Documentation / Bittensor concepts / How emission works

Split alpha_out (owner / miners / validators)

Concept

Last reviewed 2026-09-15

This page shows how a subnet's alpha_out is divided among participants, then points to the rest of the flow.

The `alpha_out` split (1 α/block)

Subnet owners receive 18% of subnet emission.
Miners receive 41% of emissions.
Validators receive 41% of emissions — which is then further divided amongst their stakeholders (steps 4–6).

Step 4 — Parent / child hotkeys: aggregate each validator's dividends across its parent and child hotkeys. Then:

Step 5: Root vs alpha split — divide the validator's dividends into root and alpha proportions.
Step 6: award stakeholder rewards — root and alpha.

Documentation / Bittensor concepts / How emission works

Concept

Last reviewed 2026-09-15

This page shows how a subnet's alpha_out is divided among participants, then points to the rest of the flow.

Subnet owners receive 18% of subnet emission.
Miners receive 41% of emissions.
Validators receive 41% of emissions — which is then further divided amongst their stakeholders (steps 4–6).

Step 4 — Parent / child hotkeys: aggregate each validator's dividends across its parent and child hotkeys. Then:

Step 5: Root vs alpha split — divide the validator's dividends into root and alpha proportions.
Step 6: award stakeholder rewards — root and alpha.